Although anti-smoking pills are the most popular among those who give up bad habits, there are many other forms of medication in the country's pharmaceutical market today that help you quit smoking once and for all. Which technique is most effective for the patient, the doctor decides on the basis of a complete clinical and laboratory examination and individual characteristics of the person. It is important to understand that all medications work in different ways. Tablets are the most numerous and effective group of anti-tobacco drugs.
Multi-vector harm of smoking
The dangers of nicotine affect not only smokers but also those around them. We are talking about secondary smoking. Relatives and friends have to endure tobacco smoke with the smoker. This is the risk of oncological, infertility, obstructive pulmonary disease, pathological changes in the heart and blood vessels, kidneys.
Scientifically proven fact: children who like to lift have significant developmental delays, low intelligence, limited horizons. This is the result of oxygen starvation. The blood does not get enough oxygen, which leads to the development of hypoxia. Under such conditions, the neurons in the brain, as if under pressure, are unable to fully perform their functions.
The heart, which pumps blood saturated with carbon dioxide, experiences extreme stress through hypotonic arteries. Against the background of atherosclerosis as a result of metabolic disorders and changes in blood viscosity, it causes heart attacks and strokes.
In addition, this applies equally to smokers and those who have never smoked.
Fans of tobacco smoke are at risk for vascular diseases of the lower extremities: interstitial claudication, varicose veins, obliterating endarteritis, diabetic foot, polyneuropathy.
However, the nervous system still suffers the most. Toxic damage to nerve cells, receptors, and fibers causes uncontrollable headaches, mood swings, unexplained irritability, memory loss, and loss of concentration. Peripheral nerves cause the development of neuritis, the most common of which is sciatica. Once formed, it does not leave the patient for the rest of his life.
The lungs are the first to be exposed to the toxins of tobacco smoke. In addition, the attack on the structure of the bronchi and the parenchyma of the body comes from two sides: through the blood and, locally, by direct irritation of the mucous membrane. There are tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, COPD. It causes persistent respiratory failure, emphysema, asthma, cancer.
The digestive system is also in direct contact with the metabolites of nicotine and cigarette tar. They trigger erosive and ulcerative processes, hepatitis, gallstone disease and cirrhosis. Night shade alkaloid takes the kidneys hostage. They are the ones who metabolize toxins, destroy destructive processes in the body, develop sclerosis of the nephrons, chronic renal failure.
Suffers from libido, reproductive, erectile function in men and women.
Appearance - repels others: gray, dry, crusty skin, brittle nails, sparse hair, yellow teeth and disgusting breath. Calcium washes away from the bones, causing osteoporosis and pathological fractures.
This multifaceted effect of nicotine requires a multifaceted approach to the recovery of the body after quitting a priori smoking, providing multi-vector assistance in the separation from tobacco. To do this, pharmacologists offer smoking pills and other forms of multifaceted activity.
How do nicotine parapils work?
It should be noted that recently the traditional forms of drugs are changing, adapting to people's habits. Today we see many para-tablets in pharmacies.
Noteworthy:
- Lollipops- Representatives of substitution therapy. They contain a minimal dose of nicotine, which, when taken, relieves the symptoms of withdrawal caused by the cessation of tobacco flow to the blood and brain. That is, giving up smoking helps you not feel unhappy right away. An indisputable advantage is the inclusion of plant extracts in the product and their independent preparation at home. Patients with diabetes should be treated with caution. A doctor's advice is required to adjust the dose of sugar-lowering drugs.
- Chewable tablets- Regardless of the country of origin, they have the same anti-nicotine effect: they replace the absence of nicotine. They contain 2-4 mg of the drug and act like lozenges. The main advantage and difference is that the alkaloid gradually enters the blood and brain as the product is chewed. Usually within half an hour, not less.
- Spray- This is the same liquid anti-tobacco drug. It is a quick help when you want to smoke. Reaches blood flow and neurons within a minute.
- Patch- a representative of the transdermal direction in reducing cravings for pyridine poison. Maximum flexibility to quit smoking. It enters the body through the skin, begins to move immediately, practically does not bind to albumin. It is metabolized and excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, it should be used with caution in patients with organ failure.
Today, pharmacologists offer anti-smoking injections. In fact, he was vaccinated against smoking. This is an innovation. The principle of operation is to break the vicious circle. Once in the blood, the components of the solution cause the body's immune response. Antibodies produced by the defense system bind the pyridine alkaloid and form a very large antigen-antibody complex. It cannot cross the blood-brain barrier that protects the brain from any harmful substances.
The center of happiness remains untouched. It turns out that a person smokes, but has no taste. The chain of dependence is broken and the patient quits smoking.
However, against the background of all innovations, tablet drugs remain the most in demand.
Medication groups for smoking
Modern pharmacology divides all drugs from tobacco dependence into several main groups:
- The first includes substances that contain chemical compounds that act on the body, such as the pyridine alkaloid. They activate cholinergic receptors such as nicotine, mimicking its presence. As a result, a person experiences the same feelings as a smoker. However, tobacco toxins do not enter the blood and neurons, and the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract do not burn. However, the patient still needs night shadow poison.
- Second, it directly affects the brain centers responsible for the desire to smoke. These are antidepressants.
- Third - most interestingly, it blocks the mechanism of action of nicotine, kills the urge to smoke, because this process does not give any pleasure.
Anti-tobacco drugs
These are groups of all the most commonly used pill formulas for smoking today, the mechanism of action and contraindications for use - a reliable helper for anyone who decides to give up a bad habit. This is necessary because tobacco lovers need to understand: addiction stands in two pillars - the physical and mental craving for nicotine.
Thus, some of these drugs help to say goodbye to physiological and others to psychological dependence.
The wrong choice can lead to complete failure. Experienced smokers are advised to pay attention to the first group of drugs, beginners - to the third.
Nicotine analogues
These funds contain alkaloids in contact with cholinergic receptors.
The mechanism of action is to change the tobacco poison, an attempt to seize its functions. These drugs activate the same biochemical processes, sensations, but without adverse effects.
There is another nuance. Nerve endings are extremely sensitive. Any overdose causes many negative symptoms. Therefore, if their intake is accompanied by smoking, tachycardia, nausea, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating, fainting occur.
This "impresses" the body so much that the idea of the danger of recurrence is clearly fixed in the subcortex.
All drugs in this group have common contraindications:
- Carry the baby and breastfeed.
- PUD and duodenal ulcer, erosive processes in the intestine, pancreatitis.
- Atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels and ischemia associated with myocardial infarction, cerebral hypertension, encephalopathy, heart failure.
- Disorders of the blood coagulation system.
- Obstructive diseases of the bronchopulmonary system.
Nicotine products
Tablets containing the minimum dose of nicotine help patients to gradually quit smoking permanently, reduce the dose of tobacco they use, or survive when they are forced to quit smoking temporarily. This is the same replacement therapy, but not by night shadow poison simulators, but by itself.
The therapeutic effect is due to the fact that the pyridine alkaloid enters the body without harmful impurities and in small amounts. Dosage is gradually reduced. To the point where it is easy and natural to quit smoking.
Contraindications to the use of drugs in this group are slightly different:
- Individual intolerance to the components of the night shadow alkaloid.
- Up to 18 years.
- Pregnancy and lactation.
- Schizophrenia.
- Deficiency of the kidneys, liver, heart muscle, gastric ulcer.
Solanaceous alkaloid blockers
The essence of their action is to prevent nicotine from penetrating the cholinergic receptors. Smoking itself loses its meaning if you do not enjoy it.
Herbal medicines belong to this group. They contain calamus and mint, which helps to avoid bad habits with a sharp taste, suppresses the desire to smoke.
Alkaloid-free products
They are parallel in mechanism of action to the previous group, but do not block the contact of cholinergic receptors with nicotine, but directly interact with the centers of the brain responsible for pleasure, suppressing them. Smoking becomes a burden.
It is not clear what causes the different effects of drugs in this group on patients. It is believed that the whole point is in the technical synthesis of vareniklin by various manufacturers.
Side effects are very common: headache, nausea, cramps in the epigastrium, high blood pressure, insomnia and drowsiness at night, apathy during the day. Causes rhinorrhea, sore throat, shortness of breath, respiratory failure and pulmonary edema.
Antidepressants
Unlike all other drugs, these pills increase the activity of brain centers, stimulate the production of happiness hormones, and thus stop the effects of nicotine.
Tranquilizers
Anxiety medications can help a smoker get out of a stressful situation, such as quitting nicotine.
Drugs of this group are contraindicated for expectant and lactating mothers and individual intolerance.
Homeopathy
Today, it is generally accepted that homeopathic remedies act as a placebo. Nevertheless, there are three new generations of effective drugs that can reliably and safely alleviate smoking cessation.
The mechanism of action of these pills is to neutralize the body and eliminate the psychological dependence on tobacco.
There are several restrictions on its use: intolerance to the components of individual funds and allergic mood of the body. Diabetics should take them with caution because glucose is one of the ingredients. The regimen and dosage are prescribed by a doctor, treatment is not possible without his advice.
Each person can independently assess the degree of harm and usefulness of smoking pills according to the basic parameters, but he does not give an unequivocal answer to the question of which remedy is best. This is due to the fact that currently there is no optimal anti-smoking drug that will meet all the requirements. Advertising is the engine of progress. But the truth is more precious.